Archive

Artificial Intelligence in Contemporary Dentistry: Applications Across Dental Specialties and Future Challenges

Review maps where AI already assists dental diagnosis and treatment planning, so you can judge which tools are ready for your clinic and which remain experimental.

Medicine · Cureus · 28 Sept

Optimal Enteral Iron Dosing in Preterm and Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Dose-response data on enteral iron in preterm VLBW infants help you set supplementation that avoids deficiency without added oxidative stress.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 28 Sept

A metabolic-epigenetic switch governs multicellular cardiac repair following succinate dehydrogenase inhibition.

Malonate, an already-usable SDH inhibitor, drove multicellular repair after MI in animals; if replicated, it points to a metabolic route to cardiac regeneration.

Cardiology · Nature cardiovascular research · 28 Sept

Therapeutic upregulation of gene expression in inherited cardiomyopathies from current approaches to future directions.

For haploinsufficiency-driven cardiomyopathy, raising output from the remaining healthy allele is a plausible route to disease-modifying therapy rather than symptom control.

Cardiology · Nature cardiovascular research · 28 Sept

Prophylactic treatment with broadly neutralizing antibody VRC01 selects for escape mutants after infection in Antibody-Mediated Prevention trials.

VRC01 prophylaxis blocks sensitive HIV strains but selects escape mutants in breakthrough infections, so antibody-only prevention may need combination bnAbs to avoid resistance.

General Medicine · Nature microbiology · 28 Sept

Efficacy and safety of garetosmab, an activin A-blocking antibody, in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (OPTIMA): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.

First phase 3 win for an activin A blocker in FOP; if approved, it offers your ultrarare FOP patients the first therapy aimed at halting new heterotopic bone.

General Medicine · Lancet · 28 Sept

Permissive Blood Pressure Targets in Pediatric Critical Care: The PRESSURE Randomized Clinical Trial.

A permissive MAP target may let you use less vasoactive support in hypotensive critically ill children without worsening outcomes.

Paediatrics · JAMA · 28 Sept

Evidence-Based Guideline on Prioritized Issues for the Management of Empyema Thoracis in Children.

Dominant pathogen is Staphylococcus aureus, then Streptococcus pneumoniae. Empirical cloxacillin plus ceftriaxone is conditionally recommended. IPFT versus no IPFT showed no significant difference for critical outcomes; IPFT preferred over VATS.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 28 Sept

Impact of Step Stool in the Delivery of CPR by Healthcare Providers: a Simulation-Based Study.

Mean compression depth rose 4.5 mm, adequate depth improved 20%, adequate recoil 13%; shortest height tertile gained 10 mm depth. 83.3% reported greater comfort.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 28 Sept

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Hypothyroidism: An Emerging Public Health Challenge Identified Through a Systematic Review of ClinicalTrials.gov

Checkpoint-inhibitor hypothyroidism is often permanent, so baseline and serial TSH testing is needed to catch lifelong levothyroxine dependence early in survivors.

Oncology · Cureus · 28 Sept

Systemic Glucose-Lowering Therapies and Periodontal and Peri-Implant Outcomes in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review

Evidence on whether SGLT2 inhibitors and other glucose-lowering classes improve periodontal and peri-implant outcomes in your T2DM patients remains sparse, so current choices rest on glycaemic control alone.

Endocrinology · Cureus · 27 Sept

Photon-Counting Detector CT for Imaging Around Orthopedic and Spinal Metallic Implants: A Systematic Review

PCD-CT reduces metal artifact around orthopedic and spinal hardware, so you can assess adjacent bone and soft tissue that conventional CT obscures.

Radiology · Cureus · 27 Sept

The Effectiveness of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma Topical Application Versus Injection in the Healing of Chronic Venous Ulcers

PRP is a low-cost autologous adjunct to compression; knowing whether topical or injected delivery heals venous ulcers faster guides a practical choice in your wound clinic.

General Surgery · Cureus · 27 Sept

Freehand Needle Hybrid Brachytherapy in Complex Gynecological Cancers

Adequate dosimetric coverage of high-risk clinical target volume achieved in all three cases; two had complete response on follow-up imaging, one showed excellent clinical response

Obstetrics & Gynaecology · Cureus · 27 Sept

Comparative Performance of Oxygenation Indices for Mortality Prediction in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome at a Tertiary Care Intensive Care Unit in Bangladesh

45 of 80 patients (56.3%) died. OSI AUC 0.879 (95% CI 0.786-0.977), OI 0.867 (0.788-0.963), PF ratio 0.731 (0.612-0.881); specificity 91.4% for OSI and OI; accuracy 86.3% and 83.8% versus 70%.

Anaesthesiology · Cureus · 27 Sept

Artificial Intelligence in Delirium Care: Predicting, Detecting, and Preventing Delirium in Older Hospitalized Adults

Retrospective studies show promising discrimination and NLP finds delirium information missing from diagnostic codes, but performance often declines on external validation, calibration is inconsistently reported, and few systems have been tested prospectively.

General Medicine · Cureus · 27 Sept

Incisional Hernia Following Ileostomy Closure: Incidence and Associated Factors in a Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study

Radiological follow-up after ileostomy closure detects incisional hernias that clinical exam misses, so consider imaging before attributing post-closure abdominal complaints to adhesions.

General Surgery · Cureus · 27 Sept

Combined Transarterial Embolization and Percutaneous CT-Guided Cryoablation of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Single-Center Study

For biopsy-proven RCC in patients unfit for surgery, combined embolization then CT-guided cryoablation was feasible and safe in this 24-patient series, though oncological durability remains unproven.

Urology · Cureus · 27 Sept

Prognostic Value of Conventional Echocardiographic Parameters of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in a Real-World Cohort of Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism

TAPSE, S' and RV FAC showed no correlation with PESI (p = 0.084, 0.235, 0.637) or mortality (p > 0.05). RV FAC <35% linked to PESI class (p = 0.026) but failed correction. Mortality 12.5%.

Cardiology · Cureus · 27 Sept

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions Regarding Artificial Intelligence Among Undergraduate Medical Students

60.0% (135) learned about AI mainly from media; 79.6% (179) saw AI as complementing physicians; 41.8% (94) worried about employment; 75.55% (170) wanted AI training in medical school.

Medicine · Cureus · 27 Sept

Atomoxetine for Orthostatic Hypotension in Traumatic and Non-traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Series From a Neuro-Rehabilitation Setting

When midodrine and fludrocortisone fail in spinal cord injury, atomoxetine may restore blood pressure enough for patients to tolerate rehabilitation sessions.

Neurology · Cureus · 27 Sept

Limited External Validation and Uncertain Clinical Utility of Prediction Models for Bacteriologically Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review

Models that triage smear-negative TB have not been externally validated, so none can yet be trusted to decide who starts treatment.

General Medicine · Cureus · 27 Sept

Masked Triple-Negative Polycythemia Vera Initially Presenting as Iron Deficiency and Pernicious Anemia

Iron deficiency and B12 deficiency can normalise haemoglobin in PV, so check JAK2 and consider masked erythrocytosis before attributing anaemia solely to nutritional causes.

General Medicine · Cureus · 27 Sept

Large, Life-Threatening Right Ventricular and Pulmonary Artery Thrombus Revealing Antiphospholipid Syndrome: The Role of Risk Stratification and Thrombolytic Therapy

In intermediate-risk PE with a large right ventricular thrombus, risk stratification plus thrombolysis can avert sudden haemodynamic collapse, and antiphospholipid syndrome should be excluded.

Cardiology · Cureus · 27 Sept

Beyond Digoxin Toxicity: A Fatal Case of BRASH Syndrome Triggered by Community-Acquired Pneumonia

In a bradycardic, hyperkalaemic, shocked patient on AV nodal blockers, think BRASH syndrome — the fix is stopping the drug and correcting potassium, not pacing.

Cardiology · Cureus · 27 Sept

Statutory Premarital Haemoglobinopathy Screening, Marriage Decisions, and Affected Births: A Systematic Review

Pooled proportion of at-risk couples not proceeding with marriage was 33.6% (95% CI 16.3-56.6%; I²=99.1%). Three programmes reported 75%-100% reductions in affected births, but comparisons were uncontrolled.

Obstetrics & Gynaecology · Cureus · 26 Sept

Ischemic Colitis in the Setting of Tirzepatide Use: A Potentially Underrecognized Adverse Effect

Consider tirzepatide in the differential when patients on GLP-1/GIP agonists present with acute severe abdominal pain, especially with prior ischemic colitis.

Gastroenterology · Cureus · 26 Sept

Frequency and Spectrum of Ocular Manifestations Among Patients With Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Roughly half of autoimmune rheumatic disease patients had ocular involvement, so screen for dry eye and inflammatory eye disease even when patients do not report visual symptoms.

Ophthalmology · Cureus · 26 Sept

Early Vasopressor Initiation Before Complete Fluid Resuscitation in Adults With Septic Shock: A Systematic Review

Review finds no clear mortality signal for starting noradrenaline before the 30 mL/kg bolus, so timing remains a bedside judgement rather than a protocol.

Anaesthesiology · Cureus · 26 Sept

The Efficacy and Safety of Etrasimod for the Induction and Maintenance of Remission in Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials

Clinical remission: RR 2.63 (1.91-3.62) at Week 12 and RR 2.87 (1.89-4.37) beyond 40 weeks. Serious adverse events RR 1.06 (0.61-1.85); no deaths.

Gastroenterology · Cureus · 26 Sept

Validity of a 10-Item Menstrual Quality-of-Life Measure in Women With Heavy Menstrual Bleeding

A validated 10-item tool gives you a quick, structured way to quantify how heavy bleeding affects daily life, rather than relying on subjective report alone.

Obstetrics & Gynaecology · Cureus · 26 Sept

Leukocyte-Poor Platelet-Rich Plasma in Foot and Ankle Tendinopathies in Patients With Spondyloarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Dual-Center Observational Study

Plantar fascia thickness fell from 0.75 to 0.37 cm and pain from NRS 9 to 1; in RA, pain fell from 8.36 to 0.48, with resolution of effusion, power Doppler signal and partial tears.

Orthopaedics · Cureus · 26 Sept

Posterior Neck Pain as the Initial Manifestation of Giant Cell Arteritis: A Diagnostic Challenge

Occipital headache or neck pain without temporal tenderness can still be GCA in older patients; consider ESR/CRP and steroids before vision loss occurs.

General Medicine · Cureus · 26 Sept

Evaluation of the Impact of Osteoporosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis on the Outcomes of Nonsurgical Endodontic Therapy: A Prospective Cohort Study

All groups showed significant radiographic healing over six months (p < 0.001). Healthy controls healed significantly more than OP and RA groups at six months (p < 0.05), with higher residual radiolucency and PAI scores in both disease groups.

Orthopaedics · Cureus · 26 Sept

Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Oral Health: A Literature Review

No original data or effect sizes reported. Sleep loss is proposed to drive oral disease via immune dysregulation, salivary changes, glycemic dysregulation, bruxism and obstructive sleep apnea.

General Medicine · Cureus · 26 Sept

The Impact of Ultrasound-Guided Rectus Sheath Blocks on Intraoperative Anesthetic Requirements and Early Recovery in Laparoscopic Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Ultrasound-guided rectus sheath blocks may cut intraoperative propofol, opioid and dexmedetomidine use and speed early recovery after laparoscopic surgery, though retrospective design limits inference.

Anaesthesiology · Cureus · 26 Sept

Recurrent Pneumococcal Meningitis Without Cerebrospinal Fluid Pleocytosis and With Fulminant Septic Shock: A Case Report

CSF showed no findings strongly suggestive of meningitis; cultures from blood, urine and CSF grew Streptococcus pneumoniae only the day after death, which occurred on the day of admission

Neurology · Cureus · 26 Sept

Unexpected Cardiotocographic Deterioration in Fetal Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis

At 38+1 weeks, CTG showed markedly reduced baseline variability with recurrent late decelerations, prompting emergency cesarean delivery; the neonate had leukocytosis with circulating blasts and placental intravascular blasts

Obstetrics & Gynaecology · Cureus · 26 Sept

Non-invasive Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NIV-Nava): Four-Year Experience in a Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

NIV-NAVA synchronises support to the diaphragm's electrical signal, so consider it for preterm infants failing standard non-invasive ventilation before escalating to intubation.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 26 Sept

Endoscopic and Histological Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Amyloidosis: A Narrative Review

No primary numerical data are reported; the review concludes that targeted gastrointestinal biopsy during endoscopy is the most reliable approach for early tissue confirmation

Gastroenterology · Cureus · 26 Sept