Archive

Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma Presenting as Fetal Ventriculomegaly and Obstructive Hydrocephalus in a Newborn: A Case Report

Antenatal ventriculomegaly with postnatal macrocephaly and refractory seizures can be a rare aggressive neonatal astrocytoma, so image early rather than assume benign hydrocephalus.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 11h

Lack of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 imprinting promotes Omicron sublineage BA.3.2.2 infection in children.

Explains why children without ancestral-strain exposure are catching BA.3.2.2 preferentially — relevant when advising parents on risk and interpreting paediatric test positivity.

Paediatrics · Nature microbiology · 2d

Species Distribution and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida Bloodstream Isolates in Children: A Three-Year Study From North India

Non-albicans Candida now dominates paediatric bloodstream infections here, so empiric antifungal choice in a sick neonate should follow local susceptibility, not albicans-era habits.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 3d

Prenatal Opioid Exposure and Subsequent Risk of Fractures in Children: An Emulated Target Trial Using a Nationwide Birth Cohort.

If prenatal opioid exposure raises childhood fracture risk, exposed infants warrant closer growth and injury surveillance — though this Korean cohort needs replication before changing Indian practice.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 4d

Nirsevimab Implementation and Primary Management of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Infants in Spain: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Spanish primary-care data on how infant RSV LRTI visits and management shifted after nirsevimab rollout — useful when counselling Indian parents on monoclonal antibody prophylaxis.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 4d

Comparative Interpretation of Pediatric Electrocardiograms by Large Language Models and a Pediatrician.

Before you let an AI read a child's ECG, know that general-purpose chatbots misread paediatric tracings in characteristic ways a paediatrician does not.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 4d

Transparent Film Dressing Versus Microporous Paper Tape for Temperature Probe Fixation in Preterm Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Any skin damage was comparable: 41/64 (64.1%) with paper tape versus 38/64 (59.4%) with film dressing, P=0.585. Dryness was more frequent with paper tape (54.7% vs 31.3%, P=0.007); erythema and breakdown did not differ.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 4d

Clinical Survival and Failure Patterns of Stainless Steel Crowns Under General Anesthesia in Pediatric Dentistry: A Systematic Review

Knowing SSC failure rates after GA placement helps you decide which primary molars need crowns versus fillings, and when repeat anaesthesia is likely.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 4d

Clinical Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Ondansetron in Pediatric Acute Gastroenteritis: A Systematic Review of Clinical Profiles, Healthcare Utilization, and Hospital Outcomes

RCTs: fewer vomiting episodes at 48 hours (adjusted rate ratio 0.76; 95% CI 0.67-0.87); less moderate-to-severe disease (5.1% vs 12.5%; adjusted OR 0.50); IV fluids 14% vs 31% (RR 0.46). Adverse events similar (7.0% vs 7.1%).

Paediatrics · Cureus · 5d

FSSAI issues notices to Nestle, Zydus over 'misleading' claims

When parents ask whether HMO-fortified formula boosts immunity, the regulator's stance is that such claims overstate benefit in a specific physiological condition.

Paediatrics · ETHealthworld · 6d

Ischemic Stroke in Children With Sickle Cell Disease: A Report of Three Cases and a Review of the Literature

All three presented with acute focal deficits (hemiparesis, facial paralysis); imaging confirmed cerebral ischemia, with Moyamoya syndrome on MRI in one. One had recurrent strokes and one died of acute chest syndrome in hospital.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 6d

Global and regional burden of measles and vaccine coverage among children under 5 years, 1990-2023: a Global Burden of Disease Study.

Stagnant coverage is translating into real under-5 measles deaths again — check and catch up on missed MMR doses in your paediatric patients.

Paediatrics · Nature Medicine · 7d

Global, regional and national burden of pertussis in 1990-2023: a Global Burden of Disease study.

Pertussis still kills infants despite routine immunisation, so keep it high in the differential for any young infant with paroxysmal cough or apnoea, and check maternal and infant vaccine status.

Paediatrics · Nature Medicine · 7d

Obesity in Children Aged 2 to 12 Years: A Review.

Intensive health behaviour and lifestyle treatment reduced BMI by 0.7 versus non-participation. In one randomised trial in children aged 6 to under 12, liraglutide reduced BMI by 7.4% versus placebo. Setmelanotide is approved only for rare monogenic and syndromic obesity.

Paediatrics · JAMA · 7d

Seizure-Onset Intracerebral Hemorrhage of Undetermined Etiology in a Child: Anesthetic, Intensive Care, and Rehabilitation Management

A child with new seizures and altered consciousness may have a hemorrhagic stroke, not meningitis or metabolic illness; imaging early and involve anaesthesia and rehab teams.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 7d

Projected Effect of 2026 Federal Changes to the Childhood Immunization Schedule on Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infections in the United States.

Modelling shows dropping birth-dose HBV vaccination would raise chronic infections in newborns — relevant if you counsel parents or advise on catch-up schedules.

Paediatrics · Annals · 8d

FSSAI proposes banning addition of fructose, sucrose in baby food products

If finalised, infant formula and complementary feeds sold in India cannot contain added sucrose or fructose — check labels on what you currently recommend to parents.

Paediatrics · ETHealthworld · 9d

SIV reservoir depletion and clearance from neonatal macaques following transient CCR5 depletion.

After ART cessation, rebound occurred quickly in all animals on ART alone, while most given CCR5/CD3 bispecific antibody remained aviraemic for >3 months; several to end of follow-up, with no replication-competent virus detected

Paediatrics · Nature microbiology · 9d

Measles update: US passes 4,000 cases, Pennsylvania reports sixth death

Falling vaccination coverage is driving measles resurgence with deaths; check and catch up MMR status in unvaccinated children and adults at every visit.

Paediatrics · Fierce Healthcare · 14d

Follow-up Outcomes of 100 Children with Frequently Relapsing and Steroid Dependent Nephrotic Syndrome Treated with Oral Cyclophosphamide: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Response rate was 67%, with median relapse-free interval 9.1 months. At median follow-up 72.5 months, 28% achieved sustained remission and 69% had infrequent relapses; 56% needed another steroid-sparing agent.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 13 Oct

Prediction of Severe Acute Kidney Injury by Positive Renal Angina Index and Cystatin C in Children with Septic Shock: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

Adding RAI and cystatin C to standard labs may flag septic children heading for severe AKI earlier, when fluid and nephrotoxin decisions still matter.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 9 Oct

WHO endorses lifestyle changes over GLP-1 drugs in child obesity fight

WHO now advises diet, exercise and counselling first for obese children, so reserve GLP-1s for specialist cases rather than routine paediatric prescribing.

Paediatrics · ETHealthworld · 7 Oct

The public health challenges of children's and adolescents' digital media use: applying the digital determinants of health as an interpretive framework.

Frames screen time as a structural health determinant, giving you a framework to counsel families beyond blanket limits and to flag at-risk adolescents.

Paediatrics · Lancet · 4 Oct

Governing the digital determinants of health for children and young people: a global public health imperative.

Digital platforms shape your young patients' sleep, attention and mental health; this argues for regulating the systems, not single apps, in your anticipatory guidance.

Paediatrics · Lancet · 4 Oct

Comparison of Molecular Methods With Culture for Identifying Microbial Etiology in Pediatric Empyema Thoracis: A Systematic Review of Diagnostic Test Accuracy.

Molecular testing identifies pathogens culture misses in pediatric empyema, so you can target antibiotics earlier instead of empirically broadening cover.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 2 Oct

Small quantity lipid-based nutritional supplementation and measles vaccination coverage in children aged 6-23 months: a pragmatic cluster-randomized trial.

Card-verified MCV1 uptake was higher with NutriVax (odds ratio 2.08, 95% CI 1.30-3.35, P = 0.004); difference-in-differences showed a 20.1 percentage-point increase from baseline (95% CI 13.7-26.5 pp, P < 0.0001).

Paediatrics · Nature Medicine · 2 Oct

FDA Approves First Heart Valve Designed to Grow with Children

A pulmonary valve that can be expanded in clinic may spare children with congenital pulmonary valve disease repeated open-heart replacements as they grow.

Paediatrics · FDA — Press Announcements · 2 Oct

Antler, Nikhil Kamath back healthtech startup Aignosis with Rs 4 Cr seed round

Company claims more than 8,000 screenings completed; deployed in over 20 government Primary Health Centres in Rajasthan; plans at least 1 lakh screenings by end of FY27.

Paediatrics · Entrackr · 1 Oct

Comparison of Early Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Therapy, Versus Administration After Failure of Intercostal Drainage in Children with Empyema Thoracis: A Systematic Review.

Timing of intrapleural fibrinolytics in childhood empyema remains unresolved; this review weighs whether early instillation shortens drainage and hospital stay versus waiting for ICD failure.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 1 Oct

Microbial Etiology of Empyema Thoracis in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Knowing which organisms dominate childhood empyema guides empiric antibiotic choice before culture results return, especially where pneumococcal vaccination coverage is incomplete.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 1 Oct

Clinical Practices for Management of Empyema Thoracis in Children: A Survey of Pediatricians in India.

Survey reveals wide variation in how Indian paediatricians diagnose and treat childhood empyema, flagging areas where practice diverges from evidence ahead of national guidelines.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 1 Oct

Comparative Efficacy, Safety, and Cost of Different Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Agents for the Management of Empyema Thoracis in Children: A Systematic Review.

Urokinase and alteplase appear comparable for draining pediatric empyema, but cost differences may decide which agent your hospital stocks.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 1 Oct

Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Therapy Versus Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery, as the Initial Treatment Modality, in Children with Empyema Thoracis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Supports starting intrapleural fibrinolytics before VATS in paediatric empyema, sparing children surgery if outcomes are comparable.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 1 Oct

Efficacy, Safety, and Long-Term Outcomes of Shorter (≤ 4 Weeks) Versus Longer (> 4 Weeks) Antibiotic Therapy in Pediatric Empyema Thoracis: A Systematic Review.

Shorter courses may control pediatric empyema as well as prolonged ones, sparing children weeks of antibiotics and limiting resistance without worsening outcomes.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 1 Oct

Predictors of Failure of Medical Management in Children with Empyema Thoracis: A Systematic Review.

Knowing which clinical and radiological features predict failed medical management in paediatric empyema helps you decide early when to call the surgeon.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 1 Oct

Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Therapy as the Initial Modality, Compared to no Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Therapy, in Children With Empyema: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Pooled odds ratio for failure of therapy was 0.15 (95% CI 0.04-0.50) with fixed-effect model, but 0.14 (95% CI 0.02-1.12) with random-effects model. Serious adverse events were rare and comparable.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 1 Oct

Thoracic Computed Tomography Scan Versus Thoracic Ultrasonography for Management Decisions in Empyema Thoracis: A Systematic Review.

CT found one additional loculated case and one unconfirmed lung abscess; USG showed fibrin strands in all 13 that CT missed; both detected consolidation in 11; no cost or adverse event data

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 1 Oct

Early Versus Late(r) Administration of Intrapleural Fibrinolytic Therapy in Children with Empyema: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

No RCT addressed the review question. Of 3,110 citations identified, none compared early IPFT (within 24 h of empyema confirmation) with later instillation, so no pooled odds ratios or mean differences could be calculated.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 1 Oct

Pandoraea Species Bacteremia in a Neonate: A Case Report

Rare nonfermenters like Pandoraea are misread as Burkholderia, so in a septic neonate with no standard breakpoints, request identification beyond routine panels before choosing therapy.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 30 Sept

Thrombophlebitis in an Adolescent Patient With Primary Carnitine Deficiency: A Case Report

In adolescents with primary carnitine deficiency on oral L-carnitine, consider thrombophlebitis when venous inflammation appears, as supplementation may not fully prevent this complication.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 29 Sept