Archive

Cochlear Implants Versus Hearing Aids in Children With Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review

In children with auditory neuropathy, cochlear implants may outperform hearing aids when amplification fails, so early audiology referral and candidacy assessment matter for language outcomes.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 29 Sept

Long-Term Outcome of West Syndrome Treated With Adrenocorticotropic Hormone-Based Therapy in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

Reinforces ACTH as first-line for infantile spasms and quantifies the seizure and developmental trajectory you can counsel families to expect.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 29 Sept

A Prospective Observational Study of Infantile Dermatoses in Infants Aged 29 Days to 12 Months at a Rural Tertiary Care Center in North India

Eczematous/inflammatory dermatoses were the largest group (n = 93, 46.5%): atopic dermatitis (n = 28, 14%), diaper dermatitis (n = 25, 12.5%), seborrheic dermatitis (n = 22, 11%), irritant contact dermatitis (n = 15, 7.5%).

Paediatrics · Cureus · 29 Sept

Association Between Time-Weighted Haemoglobin A1c and Longitudinal Changes in Growth Parameters Among Children With Type 1 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Each unit rise in time-weighted HbA1c was associated with a fall in height-for-age z-score (beta -0.15, 95% CI -0.26 to -0.04). Effect was larger with diabetes duration over 5 years (beta -0.22) and baseline HbA1c over 9% (beta -0.28).

Paediatrics · Cureus · 28 Sept

Optimal Enteral Iron Dosing in Preterm and Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Dose-response data on enteral iron in preterm VLBW infants help you set supplementation that avoids deficiency without added oxidative stress.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 28 Sept

Permissive Blood Pressure Targets in Pediatric Critical Care: The PRESSURE Randomized Clinical Trial.

A permissive MAP target may let you use less vasoactive support in hypotensive critically ill children without worsening outcomes.

Paediatrics · JAMA · 28 Sept

Evidence-Based Guideline on Prioritized Issues for the Management of Empyema Thoracis in Children.

Dominant pathogen is Staphylococcus aureus, then Streptococcus pneumoniae. Empirical cloxacillin plus ceftriaxone is conditionally recommended. IPFT versus no IPFT showed no significant difference for critical outcomes; IPFT preferred over VATS.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 28 Sept

Impact of Step Stool in the Delivery of CPR by Healthcare Providers: a Simulation-Based Study.

Mean compression depth rose 4.5 mm, adequate depth improved 20%, adequate recoil 13%; shortest height tertile gained 10 mm depth. 83.3% reported greater comfort.

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 28 Sept

Non-invasive Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NIV-Nava): Four-Year Experience in a Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

NIV-NAVA synchronises support to the diaphragm's electrical signal, so consider it for preterm infants failing standard non-invasive ventilation before escalating to intubation.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 26 Sept

Central Auditory Processing Disorder in Children: A Multidisciplinary Approach

No quantitative results reported. The panel describes roles for each specialty: otolaryngology excludes peripheral causes, audiology tests central processing, psychology assesses cognitive and emotional factors.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 26 Sept

Cerebral/Cortical Visual Impairment in Primary Care: Extending the Evidence to Family Medicine

Family physicians rarely screen for CVI, a leading cause of childhood visual loss; asking about visual behaviour in children with developmental delay could catch it earlier.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 24 Sept

Breaking the Storm: Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis/Macrophage Activation Syndrome as the First Manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus/Mixed Connective Tissue Disease in an Adolescent Successfully Treated With Anakinra

In a febrile adolescent not responding to antibiotics, consider MAS as the first sign of SLE; anakinra can achieve rapid remission.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 24 Sept

Aquatic Interventions for Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Motor, Sleep, Executive Function, and Adaptive Measures

Pooled estimates favored aquatic intervention for sleep (g = 1.76, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.37), motor and balance (g = 1.49, 95% CI 0.91 to 2.07), and executive function (g = 0.92, 95% CI 0.35 to 1.46); social and adaptive outcomes were not significant (g = 0.38, 95% CI −0.17 to 0.94).

Paediatrics · Cureus · 24 Sept

Tuberculosis of the Sphenoid Sinus Causing Blindness in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report

In a TB-endemic setting, consider sphenoid sinus TB in a child with vision loss and sinus opacities, since it mimics malignancy and delays cost vision.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 24 Sept

Etuvetidigene Autotemcel for the Treatment of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome.

Severe infections fell from 2.00 to 0.15 per person-year (95% CI, 0.04 to 0.39); moderate or severe bleeding fell from 2.00 to 0.80 per person-year (95% CI, 0.49 to 1.22). Overall survival at 1 and 5 years was 96%.

Paediatrics · NEJM · 24 Sept

Effectiveness of Saline Nasal Irrigation in the Treatment of Rhinosinusitis and Allergic Rhinitis in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review

In acute sinusitis, irrigation improved nasal peak expiratory flow and quality of life (p < 0.05) but not radiographs. In allergic rhinitis, within-group gains only; between-group PC20 difference was not significant (p = 0.186).

Paediatrics · Cureus · 23 Sept

Reliability and Validity of the Neonatal Pain, Agitation, and Sedation Scale in Mechanically Ventilated Neonates: A Systematic Review

N-PASS shows acceptable reliability and validity for titrating sedation in ventilated neonates, giving NICU teams a structured score where pain cannot be self-reported.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 22 Sept

Ectopic Thyroid Tissue Mimicking a Thyroglossal Duct Cyst in a Child: A Diagnostic Pitfall Leading to Postoperative Hypothyroidism

Image the neck before excising a presumed thyroglossal duct cyst in a child — ectopic tissue may be the only thyroid, and removal causes permanent hypothyroidism.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 22 Sept

Critical Tracheal Compression by a Double Aortic Arch in a Young Infant: A Case Report

In a stridulous infant, consider a vascular ring before labelling it congenital airway disease; the ring is surgically correctable and imaging confirms it.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 22 Sept

Less Invasive Surfactant Administration Compared With Intubation-Surfactant-Extubation (INSURE), Nebulised Surfactant, and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Alone in Preterm Infants With Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Versus CPAP alone, MIST halved intubation within 72 hours (36.5% vs 72.1%; RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.40-0.64; high certainty) and reduced pneumothorax. BPD among survivors fell (0.83, 0.70-0.98); death or BPD did not (0.87, 0.74-1.03).

Paediatrics · Cureus · 22 Sept

Infantile-Onset Pompe Disease: Current Therapeutic Landscape, Clinical Challenges, and Future Horizons

No trial data reported. Conventional enzyme replacement therapy improves cardiac function, motor development and survival, but is limited by lifelong intravenous infusions, immune responses and poor blood-brain barrier passage.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 22 Sept

Histopathology Versus Imaging: A Comparative Study of Liver Biopsy, Ultrasonography, and Triphasic Computed Tomography in Paediatric Patients With Chronic Liver Disease

In children with chronic liver disease, ultrasound and triphasic CT correlate imperfectly with biopsy, so imaging alone may understage fibrosis and delay referral.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 22 Sept

Severe Pulmonary Hypertension in Critically Ill Children: A 10-Year Single-Center Case Series and Practical Management Considerations

All four presented with respiratory distress, hypoxaemia and cardiovascular compromise after recent respiratory infection. Median PICU stay 15 days (range 10-24). Two survived to discharge; two died of refractory pulmonary hypertensive crises.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 22 Sept

Clinical Profile and Outcomes of Children With Congenital Heart Disease Undergoing Surgery at a Tertiary Care Cardiac Center in Central Gujarat and Their Anthropometric Profiles During Follow-Up: A Prospective Longitudinal Observational Study

Baseline growth and surgical outcome data from non-metropolitan India help you counsel families on expected catch-up growth after CHD repair.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 21 Sept

Correlation Between Serum Ferritin and Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Markers of Cardiac Dysfunction in Children With Transfusion-Dependent β-Thalassemia Major

Ferritin negatively correlated with LVEF (r = -0.684), E/A ratio (r = -0.582), lateral e' (r = -0.658), TAPSE (r = -0.512); positively with E/Ea (r = 0.726), QTc (r = 0.648), MPI (r = 0.672), all p < 0.001.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 20 Sept

Growth Profile and Endocrine Dysfunction in Children Aged 2-10 Years With Transfusion-Dependent β-Thalassemia Major

78.7% had at least one endocrine abnormality; thyroid dysfunction 63.3%, vitamin D deficiency 62.0%, gonadal dysfunction 46.7%, cortisol abnormalities 41.3%, low growth hormone 38.7%.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 20 Sept

Phototherapy-Associated Changes in Ionized Calcium Among Neonates Born at ≥35 Weeks of Gestation

Neonates with iCa ≥1.40 mmol/L fell from 109/145 (75.2%) to 30/145 (20.7%) after 24 hours; among those without low baseline iCa, 33.1% developed <1.20 mmol/L.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 20 Sept

FSSAI takes legal action against Nestle India over sub-standard infant formula

Two Nestle infant formulas face regulatory action over HMO and whey protein claims, so verify what you tell parents about these products' composition.

Paediatrics · ETHealthworld · 18 Sept

Empirical Antibiotic Therapy for the Management of Empyema Thoracis in Children: A Systematic Review.

Cloxacillin was empirical therapy in 10/17 studies (638 children), appropriate in six (419 children) as Staphylococcus aureus dominated. Third-generation cephalosporins used in 9/17 studies (444 children), appropriate in four (283 children).

Paediatrics · Indian pediatrics · 18 Sept

Time to diagnosis of acute kidney injury and its predictors among outborn neonates in India: a competing-risk analysis of tele-ICU network data (2022-2024).

AKI occurred in 170 (29.8%); median time to diagnosis 2 days (IQR 1-5); five-day cumulative incidence 0.23 (95% CI 0.20-0.27). Dehydration, ventilation and vasopressors predicted early AKI.

Paediatrics · Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 18 Sept

FDA Approves First Gene Therapy for Pediatric Patients with Sanfilippo Syndrome Type A

First approved therapy for MPS IIIA, a fatal neurodegenerative lysosomal disorder; early diagnosis now becomes actionable rather than purely supportive.

Paediatrics · FDA — Press Announcements · 17 Sept

ARPA-H launches SPECTRA program, new autism research initiative

A US-funded push to standardise early autism risk detection and referral could shape the screening pathways and trial options you discuss with families.

Paediatrics · Fierce Biotech · 17 Sept

Marked Increase in Influenza-Associated Acute Myositis Among Children During the 2024–2025 Season: A Two-Season Retrospective Cohort Study From Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Influenza in children can cause acute myositis; a marked seasonal rise means consider it in any child with sudden calf pain and refusal to walk during flu season.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 17 Sept

Switch to injectable cabotegravir-rilpivirine given every 8 weeks in adolescents living with HIV with virological suppression in sub-Saharan Africa (LATA): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, 96-week non-inferiority trial.

Every-8-week injectable ART kept adolescents virologically suppressed as well as daily pills, offering an adherence-sparing option for a group with poor outcomes.

Paediatrics · Lancet · 17 Sept

Trial of a Maternal Diet Rich in Eggs and Peanuts to Reduce Infant Allergy.

If maternal egg and peanut consumption prevents infant sensitisation, antenatal dietary advice shifts from avoidance to deliberate early allergen exposure.

Paediatrics · NEJM · 17 Sept

Factor IX Padua AAV gene therapy in adolescents with hemophilia B: a phase 1 trial.

If adolescent hemophilia B patients sustain factor IX levels after one infusion, they may stop prophylactic injections through the highest-risk bleeding years.

Paediatrics · Nature Medicine · 16 Sept

Sickle Cell Disease in Latin America and the Caribbean: Where the Care Cascade Breaks Down

The care cascade breaks at every step: screening panels often omit the disease, transcranial Doppler implementation is uneven, and hydroxyurea use proportions are not comparable because denominators differ.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 16 Sept

Van Wyk-Grumbach Syndrome: A Rare Triad of Precocious Puberty, Pituitary Pseudomacroadenoma, and Multicystic Ovaries in an Eight-Year-Old Girl

Bone age was delayed to 3.5-4 years and thyroid profile confirmed autoimmune primary hypothyroidism; the patient was managed purely medically with cautious levothyroxine, avoiding surgery

Paediatrics · Cureus · 15 Sept

Prevention and Management of Pediatric Sensitive Skin Conditions in India: A Modified Delphi Consensus

Experts unanimously agreed diaper dermatitis, xerosis and atopic dermatitis are the most prevalent paediatric sensitive skin conditions; emollients were recommended as the cornerstone of management, with colloidal oatmeal emollients favoured in xerosis and atopic dermatitis.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 15 Sept

Pediatric Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes Disease: From Isolated Cervical Lymphadenopathy to Multisystem Disease

Consider RDD in a child with persistent cervical lymphadenopathy, since the same disease can progress from a single node to multisystem involvement.

Paediatrics · Cureus · 15 Sept